Recent research has focused on the metabolic and transcriptomic profiles of glioblastoma, particularly in understanding the invasive behavior of this aggressive brain tumor. A study by Cudalbu examined the biological features associated with tumor progression and invasion by comparing patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) in mice with the corresponding tumors in patients. This study highlighted the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier and the limitations of MRI in visualizing the invasion zone, which is crucial for effective treatment strategies. The findings revealed significant metabolic and transcriptomic changes that accompany glioblastoma invasion, providing insights into the mechanisms that drive tumor recurrence and suggesting potential therapeutic targets (ref: Cudalbu doi.org/10.1186/s40478-021-01232-4/). By utilizing PDOX models, the research underscores the importance of in vivo studies in elucidating the complex biology of glioblastoma and its invasive characteristics, which could lead to more effective interventions in clinical settings. Furthermore, the study's results emphasize the need for advanced imaging techniques to better visualize and understand the invasive front of glioblastoma, which remains a significant hurdle in treatment planning and execution.

Innovative surgical techniques are being developed to enhance the precision of glioma surgeries, particularly through the use of virtual reality (VR) technologies. The study by Gosal explored the simulation of surgery for supratentorial gliomas using a 3D volume rendering technique, which serves as a cost-effective alternative to traditional neuronavigation systems. This approach allows for improved visualization of both enhancing and non-enhancing gliomas, leveraging FLAIR sequences for diffuse low-grade gliomas and contrast MRI for high-grade gliomas. The findings indicate that VR can significantly aid in preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation, thereby potentially improving surgical outcomes (ref: Gosal doi.org/10.3171/2021.5.FOCUS21236/). The study highlights the limitations of existing image-guided neurosurgery techniques, such as intraoperative ultrasound and MRI, and positions VR as a promising tool that could democratize access to advanced surgical planning methods. By integrating VR into surgical workflows, neurosurgeons can enhance their understanding of tumor anatomy and surrounding structures, ultimately leading to more precise and safer surgical interventions.