Recent studies have explored various treatment modalities for meningiomas, focusing on both surgical and non-surgical approaches. A phase 2 trial evaluated brigatinib in patients with progressive meningiomas, reporting a 23% radiographic response rate across all tumors, with the most significant benefits observed in meningiomas and nonvestibular schwannomas (ref: Plotkin doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2400985/). Another study investigated the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibition in enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy for inoperable meningiomas, suggesting that downregulation of HDAC6 could improve treatment outcomes by facilitating the degradation of β-catenin (ref: Na doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105211/). The management of parasellar meningiomas, particularly those invading the cavernous sinus, remains challenging; a study recommended subtotal resection followed by radiotherapy, which improved 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with residual tumors (ref: Nowak doi.org/10.3390/cancers16122217/). Additionally, a retrospective analysis of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for benign meningiomas highlighted the importance of radiation dose, revealing that higher doses correlated with improved local control rates and reduced treatment-related toxicity (ref: Cho doi.org/10.3390/life14060664/). Lastly, a national study on WHO Grade III meningiomas indicated that complete surgical resection significantly improved median overall survival (OS) compared to incomplete resection, emphasizing the critical role of surgical intervention in management (ref: Dobeson doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2024.05.006/).

The pathophysiology of meningiomas has been further elucidated through recent investigations into genetic and molecular markers. A study identified G6PD and ACSL3 as synthetic lethal partners of NF2 in Schwann cells, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for Neurofibromatosis Type II (NFII) associated meningiomas (ref: Kyrkou doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49298-7/). Another study focused on the role of PD-L1 in NF2-associated meningiomas, demonstrating that PD-L1 knockdown inhibited tumor proliferation and enhanced T-cell activation, indicating that targeting this pathway could restore immune function in these tumors (ref: Wang doi.org/10.1111/cns.14784/). Additionally, plasma extracellular vesicle proteomics revealed elevated levels of specific proteins in meningioma patients, which decreased postoperatively, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for tumor activity (ref: Zhou doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102046/). A systematic review highlighted regional variability in survival rates for meningioma patients across Canada, emphasizing the influence of geographic factors on clinical outcomes (ref: Wu doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060234/). Furthermore, a multicenter study developed a nomogram based on MRI radiomics features to predict brain invasion in atypical meningiomas, achieving high predictive accuracy (ref: Yu doi.org/10.1186/s12880-024-01294-5/).

Advancements in imaging techniques have significantly enhanced the diagnostic capabilities for meningiomas. A study utilizing multiparametric MRI aimed to correlate glymphatic function with tumor characteristics, revealing that alterations in glymphatic drainage could be associated with tumor presence (ref: Gao doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-24-0150/). The joint EANM/EANO/RANO/SNMMI guidelines emphasized the role of radiolabeled somatostatin receptor ligands in diagnosing meningiomas, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional imaging modalities (ref: Albert doi.org/10.1007/s00259-024-06783-x/). A comparative evaluation of lower gadolinium doses for MRI showed that reduced doses could still effectively differentiate meningiomas from surrounding tissues, suggesting potential for minimizing gadolinium exposure (ref: Dowers doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8375/). A systematic review and meta-analysis assessed diagnostic imaging features for grading meningiomas, identifying specific characteristics that could differentiate high-grade from low-grade tumors (ref: Upreti doi.org/10.1007/s00234-024-03404-0/). Additionally, a nomogram incorporating MRI features and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells was developed to predict recurrence risk, highlighting the integration of imaging and immunological data in prognostication (ref: Han doi.org/10.1186/s40644-024-00731-6/).

Research into the neurocognitive outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in meningioma patients has gained traction, revealing significant impacts on patient well-being. A systematic review highlighted the prevalence of neurocognitive impairment in meningioma patients, noting that these impairments are often underreported compared to other brain tumors, suggesting a need for more focused research in this area (ref: Fouda doi.org/10.1007/s10143-024-02530-w/). Another systematic review examined factors influencing HRQOL in adult meningioma patients, identifying a complex interplay of patient, tumor, and treatment-related factors that contribute to variability in QoL outcomes (ref: Jonas doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2024.273/). A retrospective study on spinal meningioma surgery assessed predictors of functional outcomes, revealing that age and frailty significantly influenced postoperative recovery, underscoring the importance of preoperative assessments in surgical planning (ref: Hamza doi.org/10.1016/j.neuchi.2024.101577/). Collectively, these studies emphasize the necessity of integrating neurocognitive assessments and QoL measures into the clinical management of meningioma patients to enhance overall care.

The role of radiation therapy and radiosurgery in the management of meningiomas has been a focal point of recent studies, highlighting both safety and efficacy. A case-controlled study evaluated the use of hydroset cranioplasty as an adjunct to traditional closure methods in skull base surgeries, finding a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid leaks, which are significant complications in these procedures (ref: Desai doi.org/10.1007/s00701-024-06134-7/). Another investigation into calcified meningiomas revealed that calcification did not correlate with tumor grade or proliferation, challenging previous assumptions about the prognostic implications of calcification in meningiomas (ref: Umbach doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2024.06.120/). A systematic review on immune checkpoint inhibition for high-grade meningiomas indicated that while preliminary results are promising, further studies are needed to establish the efficacy of these therapies in recurrent cases (ref: Kaye doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2024.06.050/). These findings underscore the evolving landscape of treatment options for meningiomas, particularly the integration of innovative techniques and therapies aimed at improving patient outcomes.

Genetic and molecular research has provided insights into the underlying mechanisms of meningiomas, with studies focusing on imaging and molecular characteristics. A multicenter study developed a combined radiomics nomogram to differentiate intraspinal schwannomas from meningiomas, utilizing machine learning algorithms to enhance diagnostic accuracy (ref: Xu doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2024.05.009/). Another study employed MR elastography to assess tumor adhesion in meningiomas, highlighting the technique's potential to inform surgical strategies and predict postoperative complications (ref: Zheng doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305247/). Additionally, a critical assessment of apparent diffusion coefficient histogram parameters suggested their utility in predicting progesterone receptor expression in meningiomas, although it noted limitations in the imaging techniques used (ref: Arbab doi.org/10.1007/s10143-024-02508-8/). These studies collectively emphasize the importance of integrating genetic, molecular, and imaging data to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in meningioma management.

Innovations in surgical techniques for meningioma resection have been highlighted in recent literature, showcasing advancements in approaches and intraoperative technologies. A case series reported on the far-lateral approach for resecting foramen magnum tumors, demonstrating effective outcomes with minimal postoperative complications (ref: Bai doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1391002/). Another prospective study evaluated the use of high-resolution intraoperative infrared thermography, which proved to be a valuable tool for tumor localization and assessing resection extent, achieving high sensitivity and specificity (ref: Menezes doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2024.1386722/). Furthermore, research on primary intraosseous meningiomas explored the correlation between imaging classifications and histopathological grading, indicating that imaging features could provide insights into tumor behavior and guide surgical decisions (ref: Wang doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108239/). These advancements reflect a trend towards more precise and effective surgical interventions for meningiomas, aiming to enhance patient outcomes and reduce complications.

Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in meningioma patients have been the subject of extensive research, particularly regarding surgical interventions. A study focused on the impact of neurophysiological monitoring during intradural spinal tumor surgeries highlighted its potential to prevent neurological deficits, although the efficacy of these techniques remains debated (ref: Ilhan doi.org/10.3390/cancers16122192/). This underscores the importance of integrating neurophysiological assessments into surgical protocols to enhance patient safety. Additionally, the variability in clinical outcomes across different studies emphasizes the need for standardized protocols and comprehensive preoperative evaluations to better predict patient prognosis. Collectively, these findings stress the necessity of ongoing research to refine surgical techniques and improve the overall management of meningioma patients.