In addition to surgical and radiotherapy approaches, the study of risk factors for multiple recurrences has gained attention. A study identified key risk factors for multiple reoperations, including age, sex, and the pattern of tumor regrowth, emphasizing the importance of complete resection during initial surgeries (ref: Maiuri doi.org/10.1007/s11060-024-04673-8/). The analysis of WHO grade 3 meningiomas through DOTATATE PET/MR imaging provided insights into the distinct clinical outcomes between secondary-progressive and de novo cases, indicating a higher surgical intervention rate in the former (ref: Kim doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8219/). Overall, these studies underscore the complexity of managing meningiomas, where treatment strategies must be tailored to individual patient profiles and tumor characteristics.

The study of the Ki-67 index as a predictive marker for recurrence following surgical resection further emphasizes the importance of molecular markers in prognostication. Higher Ki-67 indices were associated with increased recurrence rates, particularly in WHO grade II tumors, indicating its potential utility in clinical decision-making (ref: Mizrachi doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2024.04.015/). Furthermore, the investigation of mast cells in meningiomas revealed a significant presence in high-grade tumors, suggesting a role in tumor biology and progression (ref: D'Amati doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2024.3973/). Collectively, these studies highlight the evolving understanding of meningioma biology, where molecular insights are critical for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes.

Further studies on cranio-orbital approaches have also contributed to the understanding of surgical anatomy and technique. The open-door extended endoscopic transorbital technique was evaluated for its feasibility and benefits in accessing the anterior and middle cranial fossae, demonstrating improved exposure and angles of attack for paramedian lesions (ref: Corvino doi.org/10.3171/2024.1.FOCUS23838/). A systematic review comparing eyelid versus eyebrow approaches for supraorbital craniotomy found no significant differences in complications, suggesting that both techniques are viable options depending on the clinical scenario (ref: Pivazyan doi.org/10.3171/2024.1.FOCUS23878/). These findings underscore the importance of tailoring surgical approaches to individual patient needs while leveraging innovative techniques to enhance outcomes.

Moreover, the development of an optimized convolutional neural network (CNN) hyperparameter model for brain tumor diagnosis demonstrated significant improvements in accuracy and reliability, emphasizing the potential of artificial intelligence in enhancing diagnostic capabilities (ref: Asiri doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1878/). The integration of AI with traditional imaging techniques could revolutionize the approach to meningioma diagnosis, allowing for more precise and timely interventions. Collectively, these advancements in radiological assessment underscore the importance of combining innovative imaging techniques with traditional methods to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management.

Additionally, the Ki-67 index was investigated as a predictive marker for meningioma recurrence, revealing that higher indices correlate with increased recurrence rates, particularly in WHO grade II tumors (ref: Mizrachi doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2024.04.015/). This study reinforces the importance of incorporating molecular markers into clinical practice to better stratify patients based on their recurrence risk. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence for meningioma prediction indicate a growing trend towards utilizing technology to enhance prognostic assessments and tailor treatment strategies (ref: Jalloh doi.org/10.1007/s10143-024-02404-1/). Together, these studies contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing meningioma outcomes, paving the way for personalized treatment approaches.

Additionally, the exploration of the FOXM1-AURKA-NRF2 axis in meningiomas has implications for understanding the malignant potential of these tumors, particularly in cases that may be left untreated (ref: Ye doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2024.103137/). The findings suggest that even incidental meningiomas may harbor aggressive characteristics that warrant closer monitoring or intervention. Overall, these studies emphasize the importance of a nuanced approach to managing incidental meningiomas, balancing the risks of intervention against the potential for malignant transformation.

Moreover, a single-center experience of resection of intradural spinal tumors, including meningiomas, provided demographic data on patient characteristics, including age and sex distribution, which can inform future research and clinical practice (ref: Pojskić doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.071/). The study's findings underscore the need for continued investigation into the epidemiology of meningiomas to better understand risk factors and improve patient outcomes. Collectively, these studies contribute to a growing body of evidence that informs clinical practice and highlights the need for tailored approaches based on demographic factors.