In addition to molecular mechanisms, epidemiological studies have identified diabetes mellitus as a significant risk factor for meningioma, with a meta-analysis revealing an increased risk associated with diabetes, particularly in men (ref: Shi doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2021.101946/). This finding raises questions about the underlying biological mechanisms linking metabolic disorders to tumorigenesis. Moreover, advanced imaging techniques such as resting-state fMRI have been explored for their ability to predict meningioma grade and invasion, suggesting that radiographic biomarkers could enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform treatment strategies (ref: Wu doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7154/). Collectively, these studies illustrate the multifaceted nature of meningioma pathology, integrating molecular, epidemiological, and imaging perspectives to better understand tumor behavior and patient outcomes.

Furthermore, the management of meningiomas in elderly patients has gained attention, with studies validating the SKALE score to aid decision-making regarding surgical intervention in patients aged 70 and above (ref: Monden doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091820/). The impact of epilepsy on survival outcomes in brain tumor patients, including those with meningioma, has also been explored, revealing that status epilepticus correlates with poorer survival rates, particularly in glioblastoma patients (ref: Mastall doi.org/10.1093/brain/). These insights into clinical management underscore the importance of individualized treatment plans that consider patient age, tumor characteristics, and comorbidities.

Moreover, the impact of diabetes mellitus on meningioma risk has been substantiated, with findings indicating a heightened risk in both men and women, although the effect was not observed in postmenopausal women (ref: Shi doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2021.101946/). The occurrence of pituitary hormone deficits following radiotherapy for skull base meningiomas has also been documented, with a significant proportion of patients developing hypopituitarism, emphasizing the long-term consequences of treatment (ref: Partoune doi.org/10.1111/cen.14499/). These studies collectively highlight the importance of understanding epidemiological trends and risk factors in shaping prevention strategies and informing clinical practice.

Additionally, the integration of three-dimensional radiomics features from multi-parameter MRI with clinical characteristics has shown promise in predicting postoperative cerebral edema exacerbation, aiding in preoperative planning and individualized treatment strategies (ref: Xiao doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.625220/). The establishment of multi-disciplinary skull base conferences has also been shown to influence patient management significantly, with changes in treatment plans for a substantial proportion of patients discussed (ref: Kemper doi.org/10.1177/00034894211021251/). These developments underscore the importance of innovative surgical techniques and collaborative approaches in optimizing outcomes for meningioma patients.

Moreover, the implementation of deep learning algorithms for the differentiation of brain tumor tissues during surgery has shown promise, allowing for real-time analysis of resected specimens (ref: Ziebart doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.668273/). Additionally, a dual autoencoder approach for MRI-based tumor segmentation has been proposed, highlighting the potential of machine learning in improving diagnostic workflows (ref: Aswani doi.org/10.1186/s12880-021-00614-3/). These innovations in neuroimaging and diagnostic techniques are paving the way for more precise and efficient management of meningiomas.

Additionally, the relationship between epilepsy and survival outcomes in brain tumor patients has been explored, revealing that status epilepticus is associated with inferior survival rates in glioblastoma and brain metastases, while its impact on meningioma patients appears less pronounced (ref: Mastall doi.org/10.1093/brain/). Furthermore, the characteristics and outcomes of meningiomas associated with long-term progestin exposure have been documented, indicating specific management considerations for this patient population (ref: Graillon doi.org/10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.04.018/). These insights into the interplay between comorbidities and meningioma outcomes underscore the necessity for comprehensive patient assessments in clinical practice.