Research into the genetics and biomarkers of meningiomas has revealed significant insights into their pathogenesis and potential clinical applications. One study identified distinct driver mutations in sporadic multiple meningiomas, highlighting the genetic heterogeneity within these tumors. The analysis involved 17 resected meningiomas from eight patients, all of whom presented with spatially distinct tumors, indicating that these genetic variations could inform personalized treatment strategies (ref: Juratli doi.org/10.1186/s40478-020-01113-2/). Another study focused on Fibulin-2, a calcium-binding extracellular matrix glycoprotein, which was identified as a novel biomarker for differentiating between grade I and grade II meningiomas. This finding suggests that Fibulin-2 could play a crucial role in the clinical management and prognosis of meningiomas, particularly in cases where histological differentiation is challenging (ref: Sofela doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020560/). Additionally, the prognostic significance of clinicopathological features, such as microscopic brain invasion, was explored, revealing that brain invasion can predict patient outcomes in otherwise benign meningiomas, thus emphasizing the need for careful histopathological assessment (ref: Banan doi.org/10.1111/nan.12700/).

The clinical outcomes and prognostic factors associated with meningiomas have been extensively studied, revealing critical insights into patient management. A significant finding was the correlation between brain invasion and progression-free interval (PFI), where patients with brain invasion exhibited poorer outcomes compared to those without (ref: Banan doi.org/10.1111/nan.12700/). Furthermore, a study assessing postoperative seizures in meningioma patients identified various risk factors, including tumor location and size, and validated a modified STAMPE2 scoring system for predicting seizure occurrence (ref: Baumgarten doi.org/10.3390/cancers13030450/). The impact of surgical techniques on outcomes was also highlighted, with a retrospective review of convexity meningioma resections showing that postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging could predict neurological outcomes, emphasizing the importance of imaging in postoperative care (ref: Magill doi.org/10.3171/2020.8.JNS193537/). Additionally, the analysis of WHO grade II meningiomas revealed that clear cell histology is associated with worse prognoses compared to other histologies, underscoring the need for tailored treatment approaches based on histological subtype (ref: Soni doi.org/10.1007/s11060-020-03668-5/).

Surgical techniques for meningioma resection have evolved, with recent studies focusing on improving patient outcomes and predicting postoperative recovery. A multi-institutional natural language processing model was developed to predict discharge disposition following meningioma resection, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80, indicating its potential utility in clinical settings (ref: Muhlestein doi.org/10.1093/neuros/). The anterior interhemispheric approach for tuberculum sellae meningiomas was also discussed, highlighting its technical aspects and advantages in accessing deep-seated tumors while minimizing complications (ref: Bruneau doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04653-7/). Furthermore, a study on parasagittal meningiomas indicated that aggressive resection significantly improved long-term outcomes, with a higher Karnofsky performance scale score at follow-up (ref: Wang doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2020.1867825/). These findings collectively emphasize the importance of refining surgical techniques and approaches to enhance patient recovery and outcomes.

Radiological assessment plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of meningiomas, with recent studies highlighting advancements in imaging techniques. An updated histology recode for analyzing CNS tumors demonstrated significant trends in meningioma incidence, utilizing SEER data to provide insights into tumor epidemiology (ref: Forjaz doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/). Perfusion MR imaging has emerged as a valuable tool for correlating pathological characteristics with radiological findings, revealing that skull base meningiomas exhibit higher cerebral blood volume compared to non-skull base tumors (ref: Saito doi.org/10.2176/nmc.oa.2020-0131/). Additionally, intravoxel incoherent motion imaging has shown promise in detecting early microstructural changes in meningiomas treated with proton therapy, suggesting its potential for predicting treatment response (ref: Franconeri doi.org/10.1007/s00234-020-02630-6/). These advancements in imaging techniques underscore their importance in guiding clinical decision-making and enhancing the understanding of meningioma biology.

Postoperative complications and quality of life following meningioma surgery are critical considerations in patient management. A systematic review assessed functional outcomes and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in meningioma patients, revealing that various assessment tools, such as the SF-36 and EQ5D-5L, were commonly utilized to evaluate patient-reported outcomes (ref: Corniola doi.org/10.1111/ane.13395/). The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following surgical resection was also investigated, with findings indicating a VTE rate of 2.71% in patients receiving low molecular weight heparin, suggesting the need for careful postoperative monitoring (ref: Fluss doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106460/). Furthermore, the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for meningiomas eligible for complete resection was evaluated, demonstrating its safety and effectiveness as an alternative treatment option for patients who cannot undergo surgery (ref: Ruge doi.org/10.1186/s13014-021-01748-y/). These studies collectively highlight the importance of addressing postoperative complications and improving quality of life in meningioma patients.

The management of meningiomas in special populations, particularly the elderly, poses unique challenges and considerations. A study focusing on patients aged over 80 years undergoing surgery for giant meningiomas found a high incidence of postoperative complications, including intracranial hemorrhages, emphasizing the need for careful patient selection and preoperative assessment (ref: Haeren doi.org/10.1007/s11060-020-03693-4/). Additionally, the evolution of management strategies for progestin-associated meningiomas over a 23-year period indicated a shift towards conservative management and increased progestin treatment withdrawal, reflecting changing clinical practices in response to emerging evidence (ref: Malaize doi.org/10.1007/s11060-021-03696-9/). Furthermore, the quality of life improvements following surgical resection of benign intradural extramedullary tumors were documented, highlighting the potential benefits of surgical intervention even in older populations (ref: Newman doi.org/10.1093/neuros/). These findings underscore the importance of tailoring management approaches to the specific needs of special populations.

Innovative therapeutic approaches and treatment strategies for meningiomas are being explored to enhance patient outcomes. Research into the NRG3/ERBB4 signaling cascade has identified it as a potential therapeutic target in canine glioma, suggesting that similar pathways may be relevant in human meningiomas (ref: Noguchi doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112504/). Additionally, a multicenter pilot study on the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea following endonasal interventions revealed a manageable rate of complications, indicating the feasibility of these approaches in clinical practice (ref: doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.171/). The incidence of venous thromboembolism following surgical resection was also examined, providing insights into postoperative risks and the effectiveness of prophylactic measures (ref: Fluss doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106460/). These studies highlight the ongoing efforts to refine therapeutic strategies and improve safety in the management of meningiomas.