Meningiomas are the most common non-malignant intracranial tumors, and their biology and genetics are critical for understanding their behavior and treatment. One study highlights the role of human endogenous retrovirus type K in promoting proliferation and sensitivity to antiretroviral drugs in Merlin-negative tumors, suggesting a potential therapeutic target (ref: Maze doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-3857/). Another investigation into glycation processes in meningiomas reveals that anaerobic glycolysis leads to increased levels of methylglyoxal, which may interfere with sialyltransferase expression, potentially impacting tumor progression (ref: Selke doi.org/10.3390/cells10123298/). Furthermore, a study correlating MTAP immunohistochemistry with CDKN2A status indicates that MTAP loss may serve as a prognostic marker for meningiomas, particularly in atypical and anaplastic cases (ref: Sasaki doi.org/10.1093/jnen/). Whole-exome sequencing of sporadic WHO grade 1 meningiomas has uncovered heterogeneous mutational profiles, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment approaches (ref: González-Tablas doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.740782/). Lastly, a growth analysis of untreated meningiomas under observation provides insights into their growth patterns, with initial volumes averaging 2.44 mL, which is crucial for clinical decision-making (ref: Opalak doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739216/).

Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of meningiomas and related tumors. A study on pituitary MRI emphasizes the importance of high-quality imaging for the accurate diagnosis of pituitary adenomas, which can be confused with meningiomas and other lesions (ref: Gadelha doi.org/10.1210/clinem/). Advanced imaging techniques, such as tensor-valued diffusion MRI, have been explored for their ability to predict meningioma consistency, grade, and type, showing promise in enhancing preoperative assessments (ref: Brabec doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102912/). Additionally, resting-state electroencephalography has been linked to language functioning in patients with low-grade gliomas and meningiomas, suggesting that functional connectivity networks may provide insights into postoperative outcomes (ref: Wolthuis doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.785969/). In veterinary medicine, high-field MRI has demonstrated substantial interobserver agreement in differentiating between meningiomas and histiocytic sarcomas in dogs, indicating the relevance of imaging in both human and animal health (ref: Mai doi.org/10.1111/vru.13038/). Lastly, the challenges of diagnosing rare posterior pituitary tumors highlight the complexities involved in imaging and intraoperative management (ref: Kandregula doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740264/).

Surgical intervention for meningiomas significantly impacts patients' quality of life and return to work. A population-based cohort study on spinal meningiomas assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and found that surgical treatment leads to varying outcomes compared to the general population, emphasizing the need for tailored rehabilitation strategies (ref: Pettersson-Segerlind doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246371/). The development of a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure for suprasellar meningiomas revealed that patients are particularly concerned about visual impairments and medication side effects post-surgery, which underscores the importance of addressing these issues in clinical practice (ref: Khalafallah doi.org/10.3171/2021.6.JNS21517/). In a comparative case series, the behavior of progestin-related WHO grade II meningiomas was analyzed, highlighting the significance of MRI findings in surgical decision-making (ref: Devalckeneer doi.org/10.1007/s10143-021-01708-w/). Additionally, a study investigating the impact of ABO blood group type on surgical complications found no significant correlation, suggesting that other factors may be more critical in predicting outcomes (ref: Beynon doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2021.2010650/). Finally, a nationwide study on cause-specific survival after meningioma surgery provided valuable insights into long-term outcomes and factors influencing survival rates (ref: Champeaux-Depond doi.org/10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.11.003/).

The role of adjuvant therapies in managing atypical meningiomas remains a topic of active investigation. A meta-analysis comparing postoperative radiotherapy in patients with atypical meningiomas revealed that adjuvant treatment significantly improves progression-free survival and overall survival, particularly following gross total resection (ref: Song doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.787962/). In a separate study, a prognostic nomogram for WHO grade III meningiomas was developed using data from the SEER database, providing a valuable tool for predicting patient outcomes and guiding treatment decisions (ref: Jia doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.719974/). The digital Cullen chart, a smartphone-based visual field assessment tool, demonstrated good concordance with traditional perimetry methods, indicating its potential utility in clinical settings (ref: Hughes doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2021.2014782/). Furthermore, the growth analysis of untreated meningiomas under observation highlighted the importance of monitoring tumor growth rates to inform treatment strategies (ref: Opalak doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739216/). These findings collectively underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing meningiomas, integrating surgical, radiological, and therapeutic strategies.

Understanding tumor characteristics and prognostic factors is essential for improving outcomes in meningioma patients. A study on the relationship between tumor volume and clinical symptoms in patients with convexity, parasagittal, and falx meningiomas established a threshold for predicting symptomatic progression, which could guide clinical management (ref: Yamada doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.769656/). Additionally, research into radiopathologic predictors of recurrence in gross totally resected atypical meningiomas identified key factors such as peritumoral edema and mitotic rate that could stratify patients for adjuvant therapy (ref: Anand doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2021.2022915/). The refined temporal-to-frontal horn shunt technique for treating trapped temporal horn after tumor surgery was also explored, demonstrating its efficacy in managing postoperative complications (ref: Ren doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.781396/). These studies collectively emphasize the importance of integrating tumor characteristics into prognostic models to enhance patient outcomes and tailor treatment approaches.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly recognized as vital components in assessing the impact of meningiomas and their treatment on quality of life. The Suprasellar Meningioma Patient-Reported Outcome Survey was developed to address the lack of disease-specific measures, revealing that patients prioritize concerns such as visual impairments and medication side effects post-surgery (ref: Khalafallah doi.org/10.3171/2021.6.JNS21517/). A population-based cohort study on spinal meningiomas further assessed health-related quality of life and return to work, finding significant differences between surgical patients and the general population, which highlights the need for comprehensive rehabilitation strategies (ref: Pettersson-Segerlind doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246371/). Additionally, the impact of ABO blood group type on surgical complications was evaluated, suggesting that while blood type may not significantly influence outcomes, other factors should be considered in patient management (ref: Beynon doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2021.2010650/). These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating patient perspectives into clinical practice to enhance overall care and improve quality of life for meningioma patients.

Innovations in neurosurgical techniques are crucial for improving outcomes in meningioma patients. A comprehensive study on the surgical treatment of petroclival meningiomas analyzed various operative approaches and their associated outcomes, providing insights into optimal strategies for managing these complex tumors (ref: Gao doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.761284/). The ZAP-X gyroscopic radiosurgery system was also evaluated, showing promising clinical applications and outcomes in treating meningiomas, with minor adverse events reported (ref: Hendricks doi.org/10.1159/000519862/). Additionally, a survey of neurosurgeons revealed a significant gap in discussions regarding sexual health with brain tumor patients, indicating an area for improvement in patient care (ref: Laldjising doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2021.10.040/). These studies highlight the ongoing advancements in surgical techniques and the importance of addressing holistic patient needs in neurosurgical practice.

Emerging technologies are transforming the landscape of meningioma research and diagnosis. A study utilizing deep learning techniques for classifying brain MRI tumor images demonstrated the potential of convolutional neural networks to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning (ref: Gab Allah doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122343/). Predictive models developed to assess high-value care outcomes after non-skull base meningioma surgery provide valuable tools for identifying patients at risk for extended hospital stays and readmissions, facilitating better resource allocation and patient management (ref: Jimenez doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.12.010/). Furthermore, the challenges of diagnosing rare posterior pituitary tumors highlight the need for innovative imaging and diagnostic approaches to improve patient outcomes (ref: Kandregula doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740264/). Collectively, these advancements underscore the importance of integrating technology into clinical practice to enhance the understanding and management of meningiomas.