Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a rare and aggressive malignancy characterized by its low clinical specificity and poor prognosis. Recent studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying ULMS, particularly the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from ULMS cells. One study demonstrated that miR-654-3p and miR-369-3p are significantly upregulated in both serum and tissue samples from ULMS patients compared to those with myomas. These miRNAs are implicated in the induction of cancer-associated fibroblasts, suggesting a potential mechanism by which ULMS may promote tumor progression and metastasis (ref: Nagao doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167103/). Additionally, a bibliometric analysis of the literature on ULMS over the past two decades highlighted the increasing research interest in this area, revealing trends in publication volume, key authors, and prevalent research topics, which underscores the need for continued investigation into this challenging malignancy (ref: Huang doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1343533/).

The clinical characteristics and prognosis of leiomyosarcoma have been elucidated through various studies utilizing hospital-based cancer registry data. One significant analysis focused on adult genitourinary sarcoma in Japan, revealing that leiomyosarcoma accounted for 25 cases among a cohort where liposarcoma was the most prevalent histological type. The study aimed to identify survival outcomes and prognostic factors, emphasizing the importance of histological classification in predicting patient outcomes (ref: Nitta doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-11952-0/). Another study examined retroperitoneal sarcoma over a 10-year follow-up period, identifying critical factors influencing overall survival. This research categorized hospitals based on treatment volume, which revealed that higher-volume centers tended to have better patient outcomes, highlighting the role of institutional experience in managing these complex sarcomas (ref: Nitta doi.org/10.1093/jjco/).

The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying leiomyosarcoma are gaining attention, particularly regarding tumor microenvironment interactions. A study on ULMS-derived extracellular vesicles indicated that specific miRNAs, namely miR-654-3p and miR-369-3p, are involved in the formation of cancer-associated fibroblasts, which play a crucial role in tumor progression (ref: Nagao doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167103/). Furthermore, the characterization of atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumors revealed a spectrum of histological features, including sarcomatous transformation into leiomyosarcoma-like morphology. This study provided insights into the clinicopathologic features and molecular profiles of these tumors, suggesting that understanding their biological behavior could inform treatment strategies (ref: Perret doi.org/10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100454/).

Currently, there are no articles specifically addressing nomograms and predictive models in sarcoma within the provided dataset. This theme remains an area for future research, as the development of predictive models could significantly enhance clinical decision-making and patient stratification in sarcoma management.

Epidemiological studies have provided valuable insights into the incidence and characteristics of sarcomas, particularly in specific populations. A comprehensive analysis of adult genitourinary sarcoma in Japan highlighted that the kidney was the most common primary site, with leiomyosarcoma being a notable histological type among the cases studied (ref: Nitta doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-11952-0/). Additionally, a 10-year follow-up study on retroperitoneal sarcoma utilized a robust cancer registry database to assess survival outcomes and prognostic factors, revealing that hospital care volume significantly impacted patient survival rates (ref: Nitta doi.org/10.1093/jjco/). These findings underscore the importance of epidemiological data in understanding sarcoma trends and improving patient care.