Recent studies have highlighted the complex role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer biology, particularly in the context of tumor progression and immune evasion. One study demonstrated that glucose restriction can paradoxically promote lung metastasis in cancer by depleting natural killer (NK) cells through macrophage-mediated mechanisms, with exosomal TRAIL playing a crucial role in this process (ref: Wu doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.027/). Another investigation into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) revealed that subclonal variations within tumors can significantly impact immune escape, suggesting that the genetic diversity of tumors must be considered when developing immunotherapies (ref: Dijkstra doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2025.06.012/). Furthermore, combining pembrolizumab with radiotherapy was shown to induce systemic antitumor immune responses in immunologically cold NSCLC, leading to improved progression-free survival, indicating that EVs may mediate the immunomodulatory effects of such treatments (ref: Huang doi.org/10.1038/s43018-025-01018-w/). Additionally, circRNA circERC1 was identified as a key player in chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer, suggesting that EVs can influence the tumor microenvironment and treatment outcomes (ref: Zhang doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02385-9/). Overall, these findings underscore the multifaceted roles of EVs in cancer biology, from mediating immune responses to influencing treatment resistance.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in modulating immune responses and inflammation. A study examining tau PET positivity in individuals with cognitive impairment found that age, amyloid-β status, and sex significantly influenced the prevalence of tau positivity, suggesting that EVs may play a role in neuroinflammatory processes associated with neurodegenerative diseases (ref: Ossenkoppele doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-02000-6/). In another study, EVs derived from antler blastema progenitor cells demonstrated the ability to reverse bone loss and mitigate aging-related phenotypes, highlighting their potential therapeutic applications in age-related conditions (ref: Hao doi.org/10.1038/s43587-025-00918-x/). Furthermore, the development of a rapid screening method for resin parameters in 3D printing illustrates the importance of optimizing material properties, which could extend to the engineering of EVs for enhanced therapeutic efficacy (ref: Vigogne doi.org/10.1002/anie.202504154/). Additionally, the study of telocytes revealed their role in delivering Wnts to intestinal stem cells, emphasizing the significance of EVs in maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses (ref: Greicius doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2025.06.040/). Collectively, these studies highlight the diverse functions of EVs in immune modulation and their potential as therapeutic agents.

The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in metabolic disorders has garnered attention, particularly in understanding their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents. A study characterized the transcriptome of circulating EVs in obese and lean individuals, identifying 277 genes differentially expressed in obesity, which may provide insights into disease susceptibility and metabolic dysregulation (ref: Chatterjee doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2025.100925/). Additionally, research on mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs demonstrated their ability to target the liver and improve neurovascular health in type 2 diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, highlighting their therapeutic potential in addressing metabolic complications (ref: Du doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70125/). The sorting of RNA cargo into EVs was also explored, revealing mechanisms that could enhance the delivery of therapeutic RNAs to target cells, thus influencing metabolic processes (ref: Abdelgawad doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70113/). Furthermore, the study of umbilical cord-derived EVs showed promise in mitigating aging-related phenotypes, suggesting a regenerative potential that could be harnessed for treating metabolic disorders (ref: Hao doi.org/10.1038/s43587-025-00918-x/). These findings underscore the multifaceted roles of EVs in metabolic health and disease.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as pivotal components in regenerative medicine, with studies demonstrating their potential in tissue repair and recovery. Research on apoptotic bodies derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) revealed their ability to improve recovery from myocardial infarction in a porcine model, suggesting that these EVs can enhance cardiac repair mechanisms (ref: Luo doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2025.2536449/). Additionally, a novel hydrogel-biovesicle composite coating was developed to improve osseointegration of titanium implants in osteoporotic bone fractures, showcasing the potential of EVs in enhancing biomineralization and tissue integration (ref: Hu doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c08912/). Furthermore, the study of induced Treg-derived EVs demonstrated their capacity to suppress inflammation and prevent alveolar bone loss, indicating their therapeutic promise in managing periodontitis and other inflammatory conditions (ref: Rojas doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70118/). These findings collectively highlight the versatility of EVs in promoting tissue regeneration and their potential applications in clinical settings.

The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in neurodegenerative diseases is gaining traction, with studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Research has shown that telocytes, specialized stromal cells, deliver essential Wnts to intestinal stem cells, which may have implications for maintaining homeostasis in the nervous system (ref: Greicius doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2025.06.040/). Additionally, the safe delivery of nucleic acids to the central nervous system via EVs has been demonstrated, showcasing their potential in gene therapy for neurological disorders (ref: Lam doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70116/). Furthermore, the upregulation of HIF1A-AS3 in tumor-promoting MSCs has been linked to drug resistance in gastric cancer, suggesting that EVs may play a role in the progression of neurodegenerative conditions through their influence on the tumor microenvironment (ref: Xu doi.org/10.1016/j.drup.2025.101275/). These findings underscore the importance of EVs in understanding the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as critical players in the context of infectious diseases, serving both as biomarkers and mediators of immune responses. A study on the impact of Streptococcus anginosus-derived EVs in lupus nephritis demonstrated their ability to trigger TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB signaling in NK cells, exacerbating renal pathology and highlighting the role of microbial EVs in disease progression (ref: Gong doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70134/). Additionally, dynamic profiling of penicillin-binding protein 2a-positive EVs has shown promise for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, emphasizing the potential of EVs as diagnostic tools in infectious disease management (ref: Gao doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70111/). These studies collectively illustrate the multifaceted roles of EVs in infectious diseases, from mediating host-pathogen interactions to serving as potential biomarkers for disease monitoring.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cardiovascular health, particularly in the context of myocardial recovery and vascular repair. Research on apoptotic bodies derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrated their efficacy in improving recovery from myocardial infarction in a porcine model, suggesting that these EVs can enhance cardiac repair mechanisms (ref: Luo doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2025.2536449/). Furthermore, a study reported the development of a hydrogel-biovesicle composite coating that significantly improved the osseointegration of titanium implants in osteoporotic bone fractures, indicating the potential of EVs in enhancing biomineralization and tissue integration (ref: Hu doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c08912/). Additionally, the targeting of the liver by umbilical cord-derived EVs to improve neurovascular health in type 2 diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease highlights the systemic effects of EVs on cardiovascular and metabolic health (ref: Du doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70125/). These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of EVs in cardiovascular health and their role in promoting tissue regeneration.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as valuable tools in biomarker discovery, with studies highlighting their potential in various disease contexts. Research on the transcriptome of EVs from antler blastema progenitor cells revealed their ability to reverse bone loss and mitigate aging-related phenotypes, suggesting their utility as biomarkers for regenerative potential (ref: Hao doi.org/10.1038/s43587-025-00918-x/). Additionally, the study of induced Treg-derived EVs demonstrated their capacity to suppress inflammation and prevent alveolar bone loss, indicating their potential as biomarkers for inflammatory diseases (ref: Rojas doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70118/). Furthermore, the sorting of RNA cargo into EVs has been explored, revealing mechanisms that could enhance the delivery of therapeutic RNAs to target cells, thus influencing disease processes (ref: Abdelgawad doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70113/). These findings collectively highlight the promise of EVs in biomarker discovery and their potential applications in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.