Recent studies have elucidated the genetic and molecular underpinnings of endometrial cancer, particularly focusing on the roles of chromatin remodeling and key genetic mutations. One significant finding is the role of the mSWI/SNF family of chromatin remodelers, where deficiencies in ARID1A and ARID1B lead to the loss of canonical BAF complexes, resulting in increased abundance of noncanonical BAF and PBAF complexes. This shift is associated with the maintenance of the oncogenic state in dedifferentiated endometrial carcinomas, highlighting potential therapeutic targets (ref: St Laurent doi.org/10.1038/s41588-025-02333-9/). Additionally, the loss of PTEN, a common alteration in endometrial cancer, enhances PI3K/AKT signaling, promoting cellular proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, which is critical for tumor progression (ref: Vidal-Sabanés doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-08022-z/). The genomic landscape of endometrial polyps has also been explored, revealing recurrent mutations in UBE2A, suggesting its role as a novel driver gene in tumorigenesis (ref: Reinikka doi.org/10.1186/s13073-025-01556-z/). Furthermore, a radiomics-based prognostic model has been developed to predict progestin resistance in fertility-preserving endometrial cancer patients, indicating the potential of non-invasive imaging techniques in treatment planning (ref: Li doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000003629/). The ENDORISK-2 model integrates molecular classification and myometrial invasion assessment to improve preoperative risk stratification, demonstrating the importance of personalized approaches in managing endometrial cancer (ref: Lombaers doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2025.116058/).

Cervical cancer screening and treatment strategies have been significantly impacted by recent research, particularly in underserved populations. A study assessing the outcomes of increasing cervical cancer screening in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) found that 9.1% of the estimated CCS-eligible population in the U.S. was served by these centers, highlighting the need for improved access to screening (ref: Amboree doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.38593/). Additionally, the prognostic significance of peripheral thyroid hormones and inflammatory indexes in advanced cervical cancer treated with cemiplimab has been evaluated, revealing that these biomarkers could influence survival outcomes (ref: Tuninetti doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70101/). The incidence and outcomes of anal and cervical cancer among adults with HIV in Latin America were also investigated, with findings indicating a 5-year survival probability of 72.6% for cervical cancer, underscoring the disparities faced by this population (ref: Pellegrino doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70050/). Furthermore, the role of CDK11 in promoting paclitaxel resistance through the Hippo signaling pathway has been elucidated, suggesting potential targets for overcoming treatment resistance in cervical cancer (ref: Zhang doi.org/10.1096/fj.202501284RR/). Lastly, the sentinel lymph node mapping algorithm has shown promise in improving oncologic outcomes for patients with locally advanced endometrial carcinoma, indicating a shift towards more tailored surgical approaches (ref: Huang doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102651/).

The identification of prognostic factors and biomarkers in gynecological cancers has gained traction, particularly in cervical and endometrial cancers. A pivotal study comparing sentinel lymph node biopsy alone versus lymphadenectomy in cervical cancer found no significant difference in disease-free survival at three years, suggesting that biopsy alone may be a viable option for certain patients (ref: Tu doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2506267/). Additionally, a multicenter deep learning model has been developed for automatic delineation of clinical target volumes in uterine malignancies, demonstrating the potential of AI in enhancing treatment accuracy (ref: Xu doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2025.111212/). The systematic evaluation of prediction models for gynecological cancers revealed varying methodological quality, emphasizing the need for rigorous statistical approaches in developing these models (ref: Huang doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102685/). Furthermore, the prognostic value of aggressive histology in surgically staged endometrial carcinoma was assessed, with significant differences in survival rates across various histopathological subtypes, highlighting the importance of histological classification in patient management (ref: Dagher doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102656/).

Research into treatment resistance and novel therapeutics in gynecological cancers has revealed critical insights into overcoming therapeutic challenges. The dual blocker QL1706 has shown promising efficacy in advanced solid tumors, with updated survival outcomes indicating a median overall survival of 18.6 months for cervical cancer patients (ref: Ma doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102396/). In endometrial cancer, the progression driven by PTEN deficiency has been linked to the upregulation of miR-424(322), which may serve as a therapeutic target to counteract resistance mechanisms (ref: Vidal-Sabanés doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-08022-z/). Additionally, the role of DNA methylation in creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in metastatic endometrial clear cell carcinoma has been explored, providing potential epigenetic biomarkers for targeted therapies (ref: Jia doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105954/). The incidence of anal and cervical cancers among individuals with HIV has also been studied, revealing significant survival disparities that necessitate tailored treatment approaches (ref: Pellegrino doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70050/).

The epidemiology and public health aspects of gynecological cancers have been critically assessed through comprehensive studies. An analysis of the global burden of diseases affecting the female reproductive system from 1990 to 2021 highlighted significant trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality, providing a crucial overview for public health initiatives (ref: Zhang doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000003558/). The study also emphasized the need for targeted interventions to address the rising burden of these diseases. Furthermore, the incidence and outcomes of anal and cervical cancers among adults with HIV in Latin America were examined, revealing a 5-year survival probability of 72.6% for cervical cancer, which underscores the health disparities faced by this population (ref: Pellegrino doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70050/). These findings call for enhanced screening and treatment strategies to improve outcomes in underserved communities.

Innovations in diagnostic imaging and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly advanced the assessment of gynecological cancers. A systematic review on the role of AI in ultrasound imaging for endometrial cancer revealed its potential in improving diagnostic accuracy and staging, with a focus on developing classification models to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions (ref: Ciancia doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102653/). Additionally, the impact of MRI-defined bladder wall invasion on tumor recurrence and survival in cervical cancer patients was assessed, indicating that MRI could play a pivotal role in preoperative staging (ref: Bonatti doi.org/10.1007/s00330-025-12039-5/). The integration of AI in imaging not only enhances diagnostic capabilities but also supports personalized treatment approaches, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

The hormonal and metabolic influences on gynecological cancers have been explored through various studies, revealing complex interactions that affect disease progression and treatment responses. Research on the impact of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on estrogen receptor-mediated epigenetic regulation has established a link between environmental factors and the promotion of endometriosis, a condition that can complicate gynecological cancers (ref: Park doi.org/10.1210/endocr/). Additionally, the comparative cytokine studies on HPV vaccinations have addressed concerns regarding vaccine safety, showing no pathogenicity associated with HPV vaccine adjuvants, which is crucial for public health messaging (ref: Shiro doi.org/10.1111/cas.70213/). These findings highlight the importance of understanding hormonal and metabolic factors in the context of gynecological cancers to inform prevention and treatment strategies.

Health disparities and access to care in gynecological cancers have been a focal point of recent research, emphasizing the need for equitable healthcare solutions. A study on cervical cancer screening in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) found that a significant portion of the CCS-eligible population remains underscreened, indicating barriers to access that must be addressed to meet public health goals (ref: Amboree doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.38593/). The prognostic significance of various biomarkers in cervical cancer treated with cemiplimab has also been highlighted, suggesting that socioeconomic factors may influence treatment outcomes (ref: Tuninetti doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70101/). Furthermore, the incidence of anal and cervical cancers among individuals with HIV underscores the disparities faced by marginalized populations, necessitating targeted interventions to improve access to care and treatment outcomes (ref: Pellegrino doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70050/).