Recent studies have focused on the efficacy of various treatment regimens for advanced endometrial cancer, particularly comparing novel therapies to traditional chemotherapy. One significant trial evaluated the combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab against chemotherapy in previously treated advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. The results indicated that while the combination therapy showed a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 12.5 months compared to 10.2 months for chemotherapy, it did not meet the prespecified statistical criteria for superiority in PFS or overall survival (OS) in the pMMR population (ref: Marth doi.org/10.1200/JCO-24-01326/). Another promising approach involved the use of fulvestrant combined with abemaciclib, which yielded an objective response rate of 44%, suggesting potential for durable responses in hormone receptor-positive cases (ref: Green doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-24-1999/). Cost-effectiveness analyses have also emerged, such as the study on dostarlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel, which demonstrated gains of 2.0 life years and 1.5 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $143,783 per QALY gained, indicating its viability as a first-line treatment (ref: Coleman doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.10.021/). Furthermore, intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has been explored for recurrent cases, with a cohort study assessing morbidity and mortality predictors, highlighting the complexity of treatment decisions in this patient population (ref: Howlett doi.org/10.3390/cancers16213628/).

Molecular and genetic research has provided critical insights into the pathogenesis and prognosis of endometrial cancer. A study investigating KRAS mutations found that these mutations were associated with differential PD-L1 expression, suggesting potential implications for immunotherapy (ref: Kilowski doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.10.026/). Additionally, the identification of a glycosylation aberration linked to TP53 mutations has been proposed as a mechanism contributing to poor prognosis in endometrial cancer, emphasizing the role of glycogenes in tumor aggressiveness (ref: Zhu doi.org/10.1002/advs.202409764/). Another study highlighted the association between endometriosis and uterine fibroids with increased risks of premature mortality, indicating that these conditions may have long-term health implications beyond reproductive years (ref: Wang doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-078797/). The development of a new biomarker, SIR-En, aims to enhance the identification of patients at risk for endometrial carcinoma, particularly among those presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding during menopause, showcasing the potential for improved diagnostic strategies (ref: Ronsini doi.org/10.3390/cancers16213567/).

Cervical cancer screening and prevention strategies have been a focal point of recent research, particularly in the context of HPV vaccination. A modeling study projected that increasing HPV vaccination coverage to 80% could significantly reduce cervical cancer incidence, particularly in states with historically low vaccination rates, thereby addressing disparities in health outcomes (ref: Alarid-Escudero doi.org/10.1093/jnci/). Furthermore, a proteogenomic analysis of cervical cancer revealed critical biological insights and therapeutic targets, linking genetic aberrations to pathogenesis-related pathways (ref: Yu doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53830-0/). The cost-effectiveness of extending HPV vaccination to older populations at higher risk for HPV-related diseases was also evaluated, with findings suggesting that such expansions could be economically viable compared to traditional vaccination strategies (ref: Laprise doi.org/10.7326/M24-0421/). Additionally, disparities in cancer screening practices were highlighted, with rural populations showing lower rates of up-to-date screenings compared to urban counterparts, underscoring the need for targeted interventions (ref: Benavidez doi.org/10.1093/jncics/).

Research on HPV and its association with various cancers has underscored the importance of vaccination and screening in reducing cancer burden. A cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that HPV vaccination for women living with HIV in China is highly effective, with Gardasil 4 being the most cost-effective strategy for this demographic (ref: Liu doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35242/). The impact of multi-cohort HPV vaccination in Denmark was also assessed, revealing significant declines in the incidence of cervical precancer and genital warts, further supporting the effectiveness of vaccination programs (ref: Kaderly Rasmussen doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108165/). Additionally, a Mendelian randomization study explored the relationship between circulating phylloquinone and female-specific cancers, suggesting potential dietary influences on cancer risk (ref: Yalew doi.org/10.3390/nu16213680/). These findings collectively highlight the critical role of HPV vaccination and screening in cancer prevention strategies.

The epidemiology of endometrial cancer continues to evolve, with studies identifying various risk factors and their implications for patient outcomes. A prospective cohort study linked endometriosis and uterine fibroids to an increased risk of premature mortality, suggesting that these conditions may have significant long-term health consequences (ref: Wang doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-078797/). Additionally, cervicovaginal lavages have been explored as a minimally invasive method for collecting growth factors that could serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer, indicating a shift towards more accessible diagnostic techniques (ref: Harris doi.org/10.1186/s43556-024-00219-6/). The analysis of rural-urban disparities in cancer screening revealed that rural populations had lower screening rates, which may contribute to delayed diagnoses and poorer outcomes (ref: Benavidez doi.org/10.1093/jncics/). Furthermore, a Mendelian randomization study examined the association between circulating phylloquinone and female-specific cancers, providing insights into potential dietary risk factors (ref: Yalew doi.org/10.3390/nu16213680/).

Innovative therapies and clinical trials are reshaping the landscape of treatment for endometrial cancer. A systematic literature review highlighted the efficacy and safety of first-line treatments, particularly immunotherapies, which are expected to significantly alter management paradigms for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (ref: Mirza doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104555/). The combination of fulvestrant and abemaciclib demonstrated a promising objective response rate of 44% in a Phase II study, indicating potential for durable responses in hormone receptor-positive cases (ref: Green doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-24-1999/). Additionally, the cost-effectiveness of dostarlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel was assessed, revealing significant gains in life years and QALYs, reinforcing its role as a viable first-line treatment option (ref: Coleman doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.10.021/). The exploration of intraoperative radiation therapy for recurrent cases has also provided insights into morbidity and mortality predictors, emphasizing the complexity of treatment decisions in this patient population (ref: Howlett doi.org/10.3390/cancers16213628/).

The psychosocial impact of gynecological cancers, particularly endometrial cancer, has garnered attention in recent studies. Research has shown that cervicovaginal lavages can be utilized to identify growth factors that serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer, which may alleviate some psychological burdens associated with late-stage diagnoses (ref: Harris doi.org/10.1186/s43556-024-00219-6/). Furthermore, the development of the SIR-En biomarker aims to enhance the identification of patients at risk for endometrial carcinoma, potentially leading to earlier interventions and improved quality of life (ref: Ronsini doi.org/10.3390/cancers16213567/). Additionally, disparities in cancer screening practices, particularly between rural and urban populations, highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve access to care and reduce anxiety related to screening and diagnosis (ref: Benavidez doi.org/10.1093/jncics/). The exploration of circulating phylloquinone's association with female-specific cancers also opens avenues for understanding how dietary factors may influence psychosocial aspects of cancer risk (ref: Yalew doi.org/10.3390/nu16213680/).

Surgical and adjuvant treatment strategies for endometrial cancer are evolving, with recent studies focusing on the integration of innovative therapies. A systematic literature review highlighted the efficacy and safety of various first-line treatments, particularly immunotherapies, which are anticipated to significantly change the management of advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (ref: Mirza doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104555/). The Phase II study of fulvestrant combined with abemaciclib reported an objective response rate of 44%, indicating promising activity for hormone receptor-positive advanced or recurrent cases (ref: Green doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-24-1999/). Additionally, intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has been evaluated for its role in treating recurrent cervical and endometrial cancer, with a study assessing predictors of morbidity and mortality, thereby informing surgical decision-making (ref: Howlett doi.org/10.3390/cancers16213628/). The cost-effectiveness analysis of dostarlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel also underscores the importance of economic considerations in treatment planning, with significant gains in life years and QALYs reported (ref: Coleman doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.10.021/).