Recent studies have focused on innovative treatment strategies for endometrial cancer (EC), particularly the use of selinexor, a selective inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1). In a phase III trial, oral selinexor was evaluated as maintenance therapy following first-line chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent EC, demonstrating promising results in progression-free survival (PFS) (ref: Vergote doi.org/10.1200/JCO.22.02906/). Additionally, a preclinical study explored the combination of selinexor with eribulin in uterine leiomyosarcoma, suggesting that this combination could enhance therapeutic efficacy (ref: Mittal doi.org/10.1186/s40164-023-00443-w/). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening practices was also assessed, revealing significant reductions in screening rates among clinicians, which may have long-term implications for early detection and management (ref: Fuzzell doi.org/10.7554/eLife.85682/). Furthermore, an international pooled analysis verified the prognostic precision of the new 2023 FIGO staging system, showing improved 5-year PFS rates for stage I patients compared to the previous 2009 system (ref: Schwameis doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113317/). The shift in surgical approaches post-publication of the Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer trial highlighted increased complication rates, emphasizing the need for ongoing evaluation of surgical practices (ref: Schivardi doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2023.09.002/).

Molecular profiling has become increasingly important in understanding endometrial cancer (EC) and tailoring treatment strategies. A study highlighted that mismatch repair (MMR) status alone is insufficient for guiding PD-(L)1 monotherapy, suggesting that additional biomarkers like tumor mutational burden are necessary for effective patient stratification (ref: Jangra doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-1953/). The association between TP53 mutations and poorer survival outcomes was also examined, revealing that Black patients are disproportionately affected by TP53-abnormal EC, which correlates with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (ref: Whelan doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.09.009/). Moreover, the utility of the revised FIGO2023 staging system combined with molecular classification was assessed, indicating that this approach may enhance prognostic accuracy (ref: Kobayashi-Kato doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.09.011/). The identification of a distinct DNA methylation signature in synchronous endometrioid endometrial and ovarian carcinomas further underscores the complexity of EC and its molecular landscape (ref: Hsu Lin doi.org/10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100321/).

Research on cervical cancer has increasingly focused on the implications of HPV infection and innovative diagnostic methods. A high-fidelity patient-derived xenograft model for cervical cancer was established, demonstrating its effectiveness in mirroring patient responses to chemotherapy, which could facilitate personalized treatment approaches (ref: Liu doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04444-5/). Additionally, a study comparing cervical precancer and cancer incidence among women with and without HIV in South Africa revealed significant disparities, with HIV-positive women exhibiting higher rates of cervical disease (ref: Fernández Villalobos doi.org/10.1002/ijc.34707/). The effectiveness of different brachytherapy schedules in postoperative endometrial cancer was evaluated, highlighting the need for optimized treatment protocols (ref: Noorian doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109909/). Furthermore, a pilot study utilizing radiomic features from preoperative CT scans showed promise in predicting endometrial cancer recurrence, indicating the potential of machine learning in enhancing diagnostic accuracy (ref: Coada doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184534/).

Disparities in gynecologic cancer care have been a focal point of recent research, particularly regarding endometrial cancer. A scoping review identified significant disparities in the timeliness of care, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve outcomes for marginalized populations (ref: Najor doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000005338/). Trends in uterine cancer mortality over the past 50 years revealed alarming statistics, particularly among non-Hispanic Black women, who experienced a mortality rate 2.2 times higher than their non-Hispanic White counterparts (ref: Somasegar doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000005321/). Additionally, a study on female genital schistosomiasis and HPV in Madagascar highlighted the intersection of infectious diseases and cancer, revealing a significant prevalence of HPV among affected women (ref: Kutz doi.org/10.1186/s40249-023-01139-3/). These findings underscore the importance of addressing social determinants of health in cancer prevention and treatment strategies.

Innovative technologies are transforming cancer diagnosis, particularly in gynecologic cancers. A systematic review of machine learning applications in endometrial cancer revealed that while these technologies are emerging, their performance is comparable to traditional prediction models (ref: Piedimonte doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2023-004622/). The use of self-supervised learning for classifying endometrial histopathological images has shown promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, potentially alleviating the shortage of pathologists (ref: Zhao doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2023.3314663/). Furthermore, a study on the effectiveness of cytology and HPV co-testing for detecting vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia highlighted the challenges in diagnosing this rare condition, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic protocols (ref: Stuebs doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184633/). The integration of artificial intelligence in cervical cancer screening has also been explored, demonstrating its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and reduce subjectivity in visual inspections (ref: Nakisige doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2023-004397/).

Understanding the pathophysiology of endometrial and cervical cancers is crucial for developing effective treatments. Recent studies have utilized advanced technologies to explore immune features in early pregnancy, revealing the role of immune-featured stromal cells in decidualization, which may have implications for cancer biology (ref: Yang doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.020/). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening practices was assessed, indicating significant reductions in screening rates, which could affect early detection and treatment outcomes (ref: Fuzzell doi.org/10.7554/eLife.85682/). Additionally, the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) mechanism was investigated, suggesting its involvement in tumor malignancy and potential oncovirus integrations (ref: Li doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41259-w/). The prognostic significance of delayed complete metabolic response on PET/CT after chemoradiation treatment for cervical cancer was also evaluated, indicating that delayed responses may not adversely affect survival outcomes (ref: Michaan doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2023-004703/).