Nanopore sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool in the study of central nervous system (CNS) research, particularly in understanding epigenetic modifications such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). A study by Halliwell utilized whole genomic DNA from mouse cerebellum to benchmark the detection capabilities of Oxford Nanopore Technologies against traditional sequencing methods. The research highlighted the effectiveness of nanopore sequencing in detecting these modifications, which are crucial for regulating gene expression and understanding neurological functions. The study also explored duplex base-calling, demonstrating its potential in studying strand asymmetric modifications, thus providing insights into the complexity of epigenetic regulation in CNS tissues (ref: Halliwell doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07681-0/). This advancement in sequencing technology not only enhances the sensitivity and specificity of detecting DNA modifications but also opens avenues for further research into the molecular underpinnings of CNS disorders. The implications of these findings suggest that nanopore sequencing could be pivotal in elucidating the role of epigenetic changes in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.

The interplay between methylation and RNA modifications is critical in maintaining neuronal health, particularly in the context of neurotoxic events such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Xu's research focused on the role of Fto-dependent m6A modification in regulating neuronal ferroptosis during the hyperacute phase of ICH. The study found that the mass effect and transferrin exposure lead to oxidative stress and increased iron uptake in neurons, ultimately triggering ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death. The findings underscore the significance of m6A modification as a key player in neuronal survival and death pathways, suggesting that targeting these modifications could offer therapeutic strategies for mitigating neuronal damage following ICH (ref: Xu doi.org/10.1007/s12264-025-01355-x/). Furthermore, this research highlights the broader implications of RNA modifications in neurodegenerative processes, indicating that understanding these molecular mechanisms could be essential for developing interventions aimed at preserving neuronal integrity and function in various neurological conditions.