Recent research has highlighted the potential of nanopore sequencing technologies in understanding complex neurological conditions and infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). One significant study focused on the mechanism of heat-shock protection in tilapia brain cell lines infected with the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). The study revealed that the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) plays a critical role in modulating viral replication during ISKNV infection. By employing nanopore sequencing, researchers were able to analyze the transcriptomic changes in response to heat-shock treatment, providing insights into the protective mechanisms that could be leveraged for therapeutic strategies in aquaculture (ref: Ayiku doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02510-24/). This approach not only sheds light on the host-pathogen interactions but also emphasizes the utility of nanopore sequencing in studying viral dynamics in CNS-related infections. Furthermore, the findings suggest that enhancing HSP expression could be a viable strategy to mitigate the impacts of ISKNV, which has significant implications for fish farming practices in regions affected by this virus. The integration of nanopore sequencing in such studies allows for real-time monitoring of gene expression changes, offering a powerful tool for understanding the complexities of viral infections in CNS tissues.